Alternative Meats – Normalising Production Costs &

Partnership Scalability – 14 September 2021

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Specialist:

Title:

Moderator: Nyree Hinton (NH), Third Bridge Sector Analyst

Ryan Phillips (RP)

Former Director, Strategic Partnerships at Beyond Meat Inc

Agenda:

1. Production costs across alternative meats segments

2. Consumer perception surrounding types of alternative meats

3. Partnerships between alternative meat and foodservice companies – successes and challenges

4. Growth outlook across alternative meat segments

Contents

Q: Can you give an overview of how the plant-based products industry has evolved? What are some trending

4

categories that have opportunities?

Q: Why do you think the industry is so saturated for burgers and sausages, and why hasn’t there been a more

rapid expansion into other categories? Are there bottlenecks around taste and formulation to make these

products? Are companies with plant-based products not interested or don’t expect the demand there?

5

Q: How has the competitive landscape for plant-based products changed over the years? It seems like the

industry has been dominated Impossible Foods and Beyond Meat. What do you think of newer entrants or

the much tougher competitive environment?

Q: How has consumer perception or demand for plant-based products evolved? Is the demand sticking and

what are some pain points around taste and cost? As you said, there’s much more awareness of these

products.

Q: How has the pandemic impacted plant-based meat products? Has it accelerated trends or shifted their

focus to different areas?

5

5

6

Q: How has the alternative meats foodservice and retail channel evolved? It seems as if there has been some

continuing price war among many players.

6

Q: What do you think of key players in foodservice and the success or failure of their partnerships? Where is

overall pricing of plant-based meat products headed? Impossible was in discussions with McDonald’s at one

point but that fell through in January 2020, and there have been a number of different partnerships from the

7

big players.

Q: What are issues have key players faced subsidising plant-based protein products through promotional

activities? What production factors are suppressing profitability for plant-based products? New entrants

have been making alternative meat through lab-grown proteins in a much more scalable and affordable way.

How might this impact the broader category?

7

Q: Can consumers tell the difference between different plant-based products? If a consumer sees plant-

based meat in a shop, they might not think it’s any different than an Impossible Foods burger that may have

more emphasis on plant-based protein. Consumers may think they’re one and the same.

8

Q: Could you discuss the saturation in the plant-based products market and how that may confuse

consumers?

8

Q: How can a player differentiate to be successful in the plant-based meat sector and are channel dynamics a

factor? Some start out in retail, then move to foodservice, while some companies are starting in foodservice. 8

Q: How significant is the quality gap between alternative and traditional meats? How quickly is the taste gap

9

closing since it’s still a source of hesitancy for customers?

Q: How processed are some of these alternative meats compared to traditional sources of meat? Some can

say an alternative meat product is more processed than eating traditional poultry from a Tyson. What about

the higher demand for the overall traditional meat category and its impact on alternative meat players and

their ability to take share?

9

Q: What has been the impact of increased demand for traditional poultry and beef from large players such as

Tyson and Cargill on the alternative meat category? Are these legacy alternative meat players doing anything

different to drive higher traffic, are they re-innovating or are they just benefiting from overall category

growth?

10

Q: How does consumer acquisition strategy operate within foodservice and how may that differ from retail?

Why are big foodservice companies rolling out some of these plant-based products? Are they doing it just to

give the consumer more options or is it because they find value-add in some of these products?

10

Q: Could you discuss the risk of a prolonged recovery in foodservice and its impact on the success or

strength of the partnerships between alternative meat players and QSRs or other types of foodservice

players? There’s been a big drop-off in foodservice as a whole because of the pandemic.

10

Q: Where is the centre of control for securing partnerships in foodservice? Are alternative meat providers or

manufacturers driving more of the discussions and the pricing discussions with large QSRs? Are the big

competitors desperate for any type of partnership?

11

Q: What are your thoughts on the sustainability and rationale of the price cuts around plant-based meats? It

11

seems like every day someone is cutting their prices or driving more promotional activity.

Q: Could you discuss the impact of marketing on changing customer perception around taste and also the

health halo surrounding some of the big players? It seems like there is a huge marketing cost associated with

putting your protein-based meat product out there. How marketing-driven is this industry compared to

other categories?

12

Q: How is private label entry impacting saturation, price or just the overall competitive landscape? Is the

private label entry a significant risk or do you think they can’t compete on production capabilities and taste?12

Q: What do you think of the trend of plant-based products developing outside the US? What are the

implications for corporations that are struggling domestically and are seeking international sales growth? 12

Q: Is there anything investors should be mindful of for alternative meats over the next 2-3 years? What are

investors overlooking that deserves much more attention?

13

Alternative Meats – Normalising Production Costs &

Partnership Scalability

Transcription begins at 00:00:03 of the recorded material

NH: Welcome to Third Bridge Forum’s Interview entitled Alternative Meats – Normalising Production Costs

& Partnership Scalability. I’m Nyree Hinton. I’ll be facilitating today’s Interview with Mr Ryan Phillips,

Associate at Greenleaf Foods Inc.

Ryan, before we get started with today’s Interview, please say I agree or I disagree to the following statement:

You understand the definition of material non-public information and agree not to disclose any such

information, or any other information which is confidential, during this Interview.

RP: I agree.

NH: Could you give a brief introduction of your background?

RP: Good morning, good afternoon everyone, depending on your location, and thank you, Nyree. Yes, I’ve

been in the foodservice industry for coming up on 30 years and have been on the sales and marketing side of

the manufacturing side of the business for the duration of my career. I started out my career with Oscar Mayer

Foods and became very familiar with what we call now in the plant-based space animal proteins, as a

foundation. Then, I moved on and worked in various higher level sales roles and marketing roles at Smucker’s

before setting in at Simplot for 10 years and really becoming what I hoped to be, a valued resource in the food-

service national account arena. Calling on multi-unit operators, what some folks might consider the

Technomic top 50 multi-unit global chains across various segments of the industry and really just trying to

bring value to those folks through product offerings, menu solutions, marketing and innovation. That’s really

an overall background about me and my career.

The last couple of years I have spent in the plant-based space where I’ve been able to combine my previous

experiences in sales and marketing across geographic markets, and really tie that into the learning that has

been gained in the plant-based space, which continues to grow and be top of mind for a lot of folks in the

industry.

[00:02:34]

Q: Can you give an overview of how the plant-based products industry has evolved? What are some trending

categories that have opportunities?

RP: I think, just from a consumer perspective, it’s, I don’t want to say obvious, but the awareness is obviously

high around, I would say, burger and sausages in the both retail and foodservice space. I feel that those are two

areas that are pretty well-penetrated and, I’m not going to say saturated, but they’re definitely not saturated,

but they have been penetrated as the initial points of entry from a product offering standpoint. I think those

two categories, there may be a little bit more maturity. Again, still a lot of room for growth, but as far as

categories that may be on trend right now or where some of the more emerging opportunities may be, I would

say, from my opinion, those opportunities really lie around future innovation tied to really chicken products,

pepperoni products, pizza toppings across the board really. Then, also innovation in other parts of the food

category, other food categories besides just animal protein equivalents. Let’s say, in the beverage industry or

dairy and egg, obviously, those are tied to the animal protein industry, but really just the main areas that I

think that growth is on the horizon really would be around those categories.

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[00:04:30]

Q: Why do you think the industry is so saturated for burgers and sausages, and why hasn’t there been a more

rapid expansion into other categories? Are there bottlenecks around taste and formulation to make these

products? Are companies with plant-based products not interested or don’t expect the demand there?

RP: That’s a great question. I would say that, really, why I feel these two areas have been penetrated a little bit

further to date is really just the fact that they were the first products offered in the marketplace. As the plant-

based industry that we know today and that we know in the last several years, a lot of the initial innovation

and consumer adaption was around burgers, and then into sausages. I think that some of the other innovation

that’s forthcoming around chicken or pepperoni, pizza toppings, dairy, egg, beverage, etc, I think that

innovation lags only from the standpoint of those initial products that were launched. Let’s say burger and

sausage category products, really provided so much initial growth to the industry that it took a little bit of time

for innovation to catch up and for others to decide, “This is a place we want to play in,” but perhaps maybe

choosing their niche, whether that be one of the other categories that we mentioned. I really think it’s just the

initial wave of products being offered as well as the initial consumer acceptance of those initial offerings.

[00:06:26]

Q: How has the competitive landscape for plant-based products changed over the years? It seems like the

industry has been dominated Impossible Foods and Beyond Meat. What do you think of newer entrants or the

much tougher competitive environment?

RP: There are obviously some larger players in the plant-based space that are a little bit more established

from a brand awareness standpoint, clearly. Again, I think that that was from an initial entrance and efforts by

those folks in the space going back a handful of years. The way I really look at the competitive landscape, is

really three silos, if you will, and don’t want to confine it to three, certainly, but you have the larger players

that you referenced that are existing in plant-based and seem to be driving really awareness and interest in the

overall category. Then, you have other folks that are traditionally more aligned with processing animal

proteins, or what we would call meat companies, that are engaging in plant-based offerings as well, and they

decided to market plant-based products as well.

Then, thirdly, there are a lot of what we might consider start-ups out there in the space that are coming in and

really have identified their niche and where they might want to play in the space, whether that be in some of

the new products and new organisations that we may see like, let’s say, seafood, for example. Not everybody

coming into the competitive landscape is looking to compete within the same product categories. I think that

the landscape overall, from a competitive standpoint, I think it’s diverse. I think it’s very intriguing as you have

different people coming into it with different experiences, and then new people coming into it really looking to

carve out their own portion of the category.

[00:08:54]

Q: How has consumer perception or demand for plant-based products evolved? Is the demand sticking and

what are some pain points around taste and cost? As you said, there’s much more awareness of these products.

RP: I certainly can’t speak for consumers broadly, but as it pertains to the demand side of things, what we’ve

all witnessed over the last 5-7 years or so are really folks that, whether they be vegetarians or vegans or

flexitarians, or whether they may have dietary restrictions, whether they may have health implications that

lead to dietary restrictions, whether there’s a religious affiliation, or just folks that want more, that are just

into health and wellness specifically, I think that a lot of that, those factors combined over the last several

Private and confidential 5

years have led to really the demand for plant-based products and that it continues to grow. I think, really, the

groups that I’ve mentioned, and I don’t mean to put folks in groups, but some of the call-outs that I mentioned

for vegetarians or vegans or flexitarians, etc, those folks want more options. While those folks may have been

out there for a long while historically, as this category has expanded, those folks really are demanding and they

want and they deserve more options. I think that that has led to growth overall.

As far as forward growth, I think that a lot of forward growth, again, this is my opinion, I think there’s a lot of

growth ahead of the plant-based industry as a whole. There are a lot of areas in the business, both foodservice

and retail, that have yet to be fully penetrated. There are also other opportunities or other channels that offer

growth as well, whether those be home meal replacement or what we might refer to as meal kits, and also in

the prepared meals sections of retailers. There’s a lot of growth that remains, I think, still in the industry, for

sure.

[00:11:33]

Q: How has the pandemic impacted plant-based meat products? Has it accelerated trends or shifted their

focus to different areas?

RP: Just generally speaking about the demand as well, just jumping back to the last question if I may for a

second, just one other point I wanted to put in there as well is, obviously, Gen Z and the Millennials and their

interest and their curiosity around plant-based and the category as a whole, and the product offerings that

continue to evolve, that’s certainly a driving factor for growth in plant-based as well. That certainly shouldn’t

be overlooked, and it’s been a big part of the growth engine to date as well. As far as some of the longer-lasting

impacts or some of the impacts around COVID on the category, I would say that, from a health and wellness

standpoint and some of the health halos that are around plant-based, I’d say that the awareness has gone up

significantly just around health and wellness and how plant-based meats or plant-based products may or may

not benefit consumers in that area. The other thing that I think specific to COVID that has been a big driver is

really a focus on convenience, and really a demand by consumers for convenience.

One of the, I think, lasting impacts we may see, again, just my opinion, is really just this focus that has been

put on convenience for the consumer based on consumer demand and preference of really just more delivery

options, more outlets to order products, whether those be on mobile apps or via website, etc. Then, really,

some of the increase in sales mix that we’ve seen at drive-throughs across the industry. I think that some of

those things have been certainly, I don’t want to say elevated, but some of those things, the frequency of those

things has obviously been increased due to COVID, the desire for convenience, taking advantage of mobile

apps and alternative delivery methods as well as the increase in drive-through. Also, grab-and-go, I would put

grab-and-go options in there as well as one of the other options that we have seen people migrating towards as

a result of COVID specifically.

[00:14:33]

Q: How has the alternative meats foodservice and retail channel evolved? It seems as if there has been some

continuing price war among many players.

RP: As far as really retail and foodservice, there have been, I think, offerings in the retail space which is not

my area of expertise. There have been plant-based offerings in the retail space for a long while, for decades. I

think what really has changed, specific to your question with regards to partnerships or things within

foodservice, is really how these things have benefited the category is that they continue to build interest, and

they continue to drive curiosity. They continue to enhance awareness of plant-based, so I think when you have

things going on with certain players in the industry, whether it be foodservice or retail, or any of the plant-

based suppliers, I think it’s all good. I think it’s all very good for the space and it offers growth, based on some

of the drivers that I mentioned already, of interest, curiosity and then, of course, increased awareness.

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I think that the brands that offer or market plant-based products, I think they’re expecting to attract new

consumers, new users, potentially younger consumers. I know that any business really that you talk to, doesn’t

necessarily have to be the food industry, that’s for sure. A lot of folks out there are looking to attract Gen Z or

looking to attract the Millennials, and I think plant-based is clearly no exception to that.

[00:17:28]

Q: What do you think of key players in foodservice and the success or failure of their partnerships? Where is

overall pricing of plant-based meat products headed? Impossible was in discussions with McDonald’s at one

point but that fell through in January 2020, and there have been a number of different partnerships from the

big players.

RP: I would say, again, around partnerships, I think it’s all good based on the factors that I’ve already

mentioned, but as far as some of the success out there, obviously, Burger King has been very successful with

the innovation around their Whopper offerings and how that applies to plant-based. I think that when brands

do that, they’re obviously creating new news, they’re creating a refresh. It doesn’t necessarily have to be an

enormous campaign, but there is some sense of a brand refresh when perhaps a traditional player such as that

enters the plant-based space with an iconic menu items such as the Whopper. I think that that speaks

volumes. As far as what makes some of these things successful, really, I think that with plant-based as a whole,

the news and the messaging needs to be frequent and it needs to be fresh. I think it needs to be continuous,

and also, at times, it needs to be, or certainly can be, promotionally driven to make sure that consumers

understand that, “Okay, this is not just something that’s here today, but this is something that’s ongoing and

something that’s going to be part of our menu and our offerings going forward,” in an effort to attract new

consumers and appeal to a broader customer base.

[00:19:22]

Q: What are issues have key players faced subsidising plant-based protein products through promotional

activities? What production factors are suppressing profitability for plant-based products? New entrants have

been making alternative meat through lab-grown proteins in a much more scalable and affordable way. How

might this impact the broader category?

RP: Just for clarity, I’m not speaking directly to any issues around scalability or production capabilities, but

more generally speaking, clearly, around the issue of scalability for plant-based proteins, I would say that it’s

really more fundamental than some might think in that there are a lot of unique ingredients that go into plant-

based products. It’s really a newer supply chain, so it’s not as mature of a supply chain as some of the other

goods to market take. Also, there are some unique complexity and nuances in manufacturing products and

bringing the components together. It’s a complex process, so I think as the industry continues to build scale

and there continues to be broader acceptance and adaption to plant-based products, I think that that all leads

to good news on the horizon from a scalability and, hopefully, cost standpoint as well as far as plant-based.

Specific to your question around lab-grown proteins, if you will, I think the biggest question that I have there

is really what will consumer acceptance look like of those to-be-determined offerings? That’s really the

underlying unknown for that area, what will consumer acceptance look like? Also, I think that there may be

some concerns with regards to lab-grown proteins around what issues is it addressing or maybe not

addressing? For example, if there is a consumer who has concerns around animal welfare or has concerns

around consumption of animal products, is this truly going to be an alternative for them? Then, really, just the

other thought that I have, just really the last thought around your question, is really what regulatory hurdles

may exist around some of these offerings, whether those be around standard of identity or naming

nomenclature or whatever it may be? I think there’s still a lot more to learn around those alternative protein

offerings.

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[00:22:56]

Q: Can consumers tell the difference between different plant-based products? If a consumer sees plant-based

meat in a shop, they might not think it’s any different than an Impossible Foods burger that may have more

emphasis on plant-based protein. Consumers may think they’re one and the same.

RP: As far as seeing the products on the shelf and what that’s going to speak to the consumer, I think a lot of

that is unknown at this point based on some of my earlier points as far as what regulations will be put in place,

may or may not be put in place. I, of course, have no idea, but what that’s going to look like, what is the

message going to be to the consumer? What’s going to be the consumer-facing message around these

products? Right now, a lot of the products out there say plant-based. Will those products be under the same

naming silo? I’m not sure. I don’t have that information or that foresight, but I do think that, like I said earlier,

there will be learnings coming from that when we get there.

[00:25:16]

Q: Could you discuss the saturation in the plant-based products market and how that may confuse

consumers?

RP: Yes, I think that that really depends. It depends on what the individual consumer is seeking or what they

choose to eat. What I mean by that is that, as I mentioned, the category continues to expand and the products

continue to evolve. By evolve, I mean the products continue to get better and better and better. The learnings

that the manufacturers are gaining and implementing lead to higher-quality products and, hopefully, that will

lead to a higher level of trial and then, eventually, adaption. I would say that there’s really, right now, as we

talked about initially, there are obviously the main drivers, the main categories around burger or sausage, but

there are so many other offerings that are coming out, as we’ve seen. On Instagram, I’m on VegNews and I’m

on Plant-Based News pretty frequently, and I’m not necessarily going directly to those sites, if you will. I know

they’re not sites on Instagram, but going to those profiles, but they’re jumping out. They’re showing up on the

feed, of course, and every day it’s somebody new. It’s a new product, it’s a new brand, it’s a new company, it’s a

new offering.

I would encourage anyone who is curious about new entrants to the marketplace, they’re countless. They really

seem to be countless when you get on some of these feeds like I mentioned, VegNews or Plant-Based News,

and see some of the product offerings that are out there. Is it saturated? I don’t think it’s saturated, I don’t. I

think that there are categories, product categories, that are further penetrated that have been out there longer

that were some of the lead categories as we’ve mentioned. The opportunities and the options for people to

really pick and choose, whether it be dayparts where they want to engage plant-based, let’s say flexitarians

specifically, maybe they want to choose an option for breakfast that is plant-based, and that’s their go-to as it

applies to plant-based. Others may have a different routine or a different daypart where they tend to migrate

towards plant-based. I think that’s one of the most exciting things about the space, is that as these offerings

and options and choices expand and more people find, or have the ability to pick and choose what they want, I

think that’s only going to lead to continued growth.

[00:27:54]

Q: How can a player differentiate to be successful in the plant-based meat sector and are channel dynamics a

factor? Some start out in retail, then move to foodservice, while some companies are starting in foodservice.

RP: I would say that really the thing that we tend to, as an industry, fall back on quite a bit is taste is king. At

the end of the day, taste is king in that if it tastes good and people like it, in all likelihood they’re going to

repurchase it again. When I think about plant-based companies and new folks coming into the space, I think

that the way that somebody could distinguish themselves is to have an outstanding product and to have the

Private and confidential 8

best product in that space and in that offering. As we see through social media, as well as other forms of

communication, word travels fast, especially among folks that may be seeking some of the same alternatives or

some of the same choices. Let’s say vegans, for example, so if somebody out there likes something, I’ve learned

over the last couple of years that news travel fast, especially within plant-based so if I had to put my finger

onto one thing as to how a new entrant could really distinguish themselves, I would say by really being best-in-

class in their product offering and making sure that that messaging is frequent and consistent so that folks

know about it.

[00:29:55]

Q: How significant is the quality gap between alternative and traditional meats? How quickly is the taste gap

closing since it’s still a source of hesitancy for customers?

RP: I’d say that the taste and flavour is very subjective. It’s very subjective so one individual may think that

something is great and somebody else may decide that, “You know what, I’m just not into this. This isn’t for

me,” so I think it’s very subjective to determine or to try to determine how far we are specifically or what the

gap looks like today from plant-based offerings to, let’s say, for example, animal protein equivalents. As I

mentioned earlier, the innovation continues and the organisations that are engaged in plant-based

manufacturing are continuously working to close that gap across the board, both in quality, in taste and

texture and mouth-feel experience, the overall complete experience of consuming and eating the products as

well as price. I think that the industry as a whole recognises that there are some gaps to close and specifically

around the areas that I’ve mentioned and specifically when being compared to, let’s say, an animal protein

equivalent, for example. Not everybody that has an offering is looking to replicate the exact same experience as

one might get from an animal protein equivalent. Yes, they still want to bring plant-based products to the

market for a lot of the reasons that we’ve discussed here today but not everyone’s goal and not every product’s

goals necessarily is to be on par with animal protein. If you’re doing a burger, let’s say, for example, that’s

probably your goal but if you’re doing something else, I think some folks that entered the marketplace

understand, and I think consumers understand to a certain degree as well, that there’s still some space in

between those offerings.

[00:32:31]

Q: How processed are some of these alternative meats compared to traditional sources of meat? Some can say

an alternative meat product is more processed than eating traditional poultry from a Tyson. What about the

higher demand for the overall traditional meat category and its impact on alternative meat players and their

ability to take share?

RP: As far as, I think part of it was initially Nyree, what problems, if you will, are being solved for consumers

with plant-based. I think one of the many great things about the category and about the space is that whether

your needs are dietary or whether you have concerns related to animal welfare or whether you have ambition

to do your part to improve the environment, I don’t want to say that there’s something for everybody, although

I don’t think that’s a bad thing to say, but I think that there are a lot of different solutions that plant-based

proteins offer the consumer. How that’s assigned or aligned with a specific consumer is really based upon what

that consumer is hoping or looking to get out of it, I should say. Not hoping but looking to get out of

consuming plant-based products. As I mentioned, it could be animal welfare. It could be they just want to be a

flexitarian. They may be more health and wellness minded and feel that higher protein is something that

they’re after or it could be environmental. I think that there are a lot of different solutions that plant-based

proteins offer. Then if you could repeat the second part of your question that’d be great.

[00:34:53]

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Q: What has been the impact of increased demand for traditional poultry and beef from large players such as

Tyson and Cargill on the alternative meat category? Are these legacy alternative meat players doing anything

different to drive higher traffic, are they re-innovating or are they just benefiting from overall category

growth?

RP: I would say that the first part of your question is around the increased demand for animal protein

equivalents, whether that be chicken or pork or whatever that product may be, how that may impact the plant-

based. I think that that could bode well for plant-based. Simple supply and demand. If demand is higher and

supply is potentially, in this example, lagging, that could possibly create an opportunity for plant-based from

the supply side so I think that there is a correlation there. Do I know what exactly that equates to? Of course

not, but based on your question I think that there certainly is some correlation there based on increased

demand for animal protein and the positive impact that that actually could have on plant-based protein. Then

as far as your second part of your question, as far as some of the legacy companies, are you referring to legacy

folks, if you will, in plant-based?

NH: Yes.

RP: Yes. Okay, so I think that I certainly can’t speak for any organisation but I would say that the plant-based

manufacturers, as I mentioned earlier a couple of times, they are continuing to innovate. They are continuing

to reinvigorate the category and they’re continuing to improve their business across the board. Operationally,

cost, ingredients, nutritionally, etc. I don’t think that they’re necessarily just benefiting or sitting back and

looking to benefit off of organic growth within the category. I think that they continue to have messaging out

there and continue to innovate and continue to look to acquire new consumers.

[00:37:56]

Q: How does consumer acquisition strategy operate within foodservice and how may that differ from retail?

Why are big foodservice companies rolling out some of these plant-based products? Are they doing it just to

give the consumer more options or is it because they find value-add in some of these products?

RP: For foodservice, I think that where one of the bigger differences in vs let’s say the retail segment is from

the foodservice side, we are really a supplier so yes, we’re out generating interest and looking to increase

demand and drive demand and offer innovations to menu offerings, etc, but there also obviously has to be

interest and desire and an appetite for menuing these types of products by, let’s say, a large national or global

chain. It takes two to tango to a certain extent. You have to have the supply and you have to have a partner that

wants to be in the space. Then once that bond is formed, to answer your question as far as why are they doing

that or why they would pursue that or be interested in that, I think a lot of it is based upon consumer demand

and consumer preference and people changing their dietary habits for a lot of the reasons that we’ve talked

about today already. There are a lot of things going on out there. A lot of people that are being driven or are

now migrating to plant-based based on the offerings and some of the innovation that we’ve talked about and

the multiple categories, product categories and product offerings that we’ve talked about. I think some of these

larger foodservice companies, some of these larger foodservice operators, chain operators, they know that

consumer demand is changing and I think some of them recognise that in order to continue to attract new

consumers and continue to maintain their relevancy with new consumers, whether those be Gen Z or

millennials, etc, plant-based is certainly a vehicle to do that and something that is very appealing to them as a

result.

[00:40:53]

Q: Could you discuss the risk of a prolonged recovery in foodservice and its impact on the success or strength

of the partnerships between alternative meat players and QSRs or other types of foodservice players? There’s

been a big drop-off in foodservice as a whole because of the pandemic.

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RP: Yes. I think what I can speak to around that, Nyree, is really just the fact that I think the model may just

be shifting a little bit as we’ve talked about. Let’s say for example, there may be a change in sales mix for a

large QSR of patrons dining in or patrons going through the drive-through, or there may be a shift in overall

sales mix of how orders are being placed as we’ve talked about. Some of the mobile and some of the electronic

opportunities that there are to place orders now online, etc, I think that that’s really where we’re seeing some

of the impact of COVID. Some of these may be habit-forming as well. For example, a consumer who may have

typically done something one way, they may find convenience or the same level of satisfaction by doing

something a different way with the same end result. I used to pick up the phone and call and order my pizzas

but now I just get on the app and order it and I’m going to do it that way now going forward. Or I used to go

into the restaurant and pick up but now I’m going to switch over to a delivery app or service. I think those are

some of the changes that we have seen and that we may continue to see but I certainly can’t quantify any drop-

off from COVID or what that might look like going forward from a resurgence standpoint, etc.

[00:43:18]

Q: Where is the centre of control for securing partnerships in foodservice? Are alternative meat providers or

manufacturers driving more of the discussions and the pricing discussions with large QSRs? Are the big

competitors desperate for any type of partnership?

RP: Yes, I would say that that’s a pretty broad question. I would say, as I mentioned earlier, it really take two

to tango. I think that I wouldn’t say that one side is driving more so than the other. Obviously, the plant-based

suppliers want to have plant-based on the menus and some of the large chain operators are wanting to explore

and learn more about plant-based as well and how that might be something that they could introduce to their

consumers and to their menu offerings. I wouldn’t say really that it’s one vs the other being more dominant as

far as that connection. As far as some of the other plant-based folks how do you approach, or I’m paraphrasing

your question, but what do some of these strategic partnerships potentially look like for other folks besides

some of the larger players that exist, I think it goes back to product offering as I mentioned. There’s a lot of

curiosity around plant-based products. There are a lot of people that want to try plant-based products and it’s

important when you have that opportunity to share your product, it’s important that the product is good and

that the product is a winner and that the product can offer a solution to the customer. I think that’s really

where the opportunity exists.

[00:45:47]

Q: What are your thoughts on the sustainability and rationale of the price cuts around plant-based meats? It

seems like every day someone is cutting their prices or driving more promotional activity.

RP: I really can’t speak to the sustainability of it from an individual company’s perspective but I will say

obviously that along with any other product, whether it be, let’s say, animal protein hot dogs, there are

certainly specific promotional windows where if you have a plant-based burger or you have a plant-based

sausage or you have a plant-based hot dog, there are obviously certain windows where you have the

opportunity to capitalise on seasonality, whether that be Memorial Day, 4 July, Labour Day, all the above.

Baseball season, barbecues, picnics, etc, so I think historically, there has always been promotional activity

around the animal protein equivalents and I think we’re seeing the same type of activity around some of those

same promotional opportunities and windows for plant-based equivalent offerings. That’s really the first thing

I would say as far as promotions. I think that, let’s say, a limited-time offer or a buy-one, get-one, I think that

that type of promotional activity also helps drive awareness and hopefully gain trial for plant-based products

as well. Those are really the main things that jump out to me when thinking about promotional activity in this

space. I’m not as familiar with the retail category as we discussed so I’m not able to really speak specifically to

any type of pricing or pricing activity or anything along those lines.

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[00:48:00]

Q: Could you discuss the impact of marketing on changing customer perception around taste and also the

health halo surrounding some of the big players? It seems like there is a huge marketing cost associated with

putting your protein-based meat product out there. How marketing-driven is this industry compared to other

categories?

RP: I think it’s somewhat fundamental in that because it is a new, or newer in some instances, I think because

it is a newer category, there are specific marketing allocations that are made form a budget standpoint to help

promote and grow the brand to introduce new products and to get consumer trial. I think that there certainly

is perhaps, just like I would think any new business, that it is a little bit marketing lopsided, if you will, out of

the gate or initially, potentially, in order to achieve those things. In order to bring new products, to promote

your brand, to get your brand in front of consumers and to gain that ever precious trial of plant-based

products.

[00:49:36]

Q: How is private label entry impacting saturation, price or just the overall competitive landscape? Is the

private label entry a significant risk or do you think they can’t compete on production capabilities and taste?

RP: I’m not sure about that quite yet. I’m not sure what the future will look like as it applies to private label

products and it depends, of course, also what that private label is. There are some private label or in-store

brands that have emerged over the last several years so that it’s not so private any more, if you will. There are

some store brands that are preferred by consumers over branded products or what we would traditionally call

branded products. I’m not sure what the future is in plant-based for private label as of yet. I don’t think that

that truly has been defined but I would not expect that to be a significant drop-off from a quality standpoint

because if it is, I’m not sure how successful it would be.

[00:51:14]

Q: What do you think of the trend of plant-based products developing outside the US? What are the

implications for corporations that are struggling domestically and are seeking international sales growth?

RP: I could speak to the first part of that. Definitely, or probably couldn’t speak to the second part of that.

Obviously, it’s up to individual organisations to determine what their path for growth is going to be. As far as

from a global standpoint, there is a tremendous amount of demand. If you look at some of the countries out

there for plant-based consumption and some of the populations associated with those countries like Canada or

Germany, plant-based continues to grow. The impact that it’s had on those consumers and those markets

where you go in and you see that a certain percentage of their consumers in those nations are buying plant-

based products, it tells you where the growth is and that there are certainly opportunities for companies both

here domestically and abroad. From a global standpoint, there are a lot of players globally as well. There are a

lot of players, whether you’re in Thailand or whether you’re in the Netherlands or anywhere in between, there

are in-country suppliers or folks that are entering the plant-based space on a very consistent basis and this is

not obviously just, the interest in plant-based is not just focused in North America or the markets that we all

may be familiar with or most familiar with. It’s definitely a global demand that continues to grow. There are

some tighter restrictions or regulations around ingredients, potentially around naming, etc, in other markets

in Europe and other parts of the world and as those things continue to gain traction, some of those things may

have implication on the plant-based markets here domestically. It’s yet to be determined.

[00:53:55]

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Q: Is there anything investors should be mindful of for alternative meats over the next 2-3 years? What are

investors overlooking that deserves much more attention?

RP: I would just, what I mentioned earlier. I know it sounds very basic but to really just monitor the plant-

based market and the fact that there are, as I’ve mentioned a couple of times, there are new entrants coming in

on a daily basis. There are new products being introduced by existing players on a daily basis. There are

companies out there that may not be household names today but they are working and innovating to become

such down the road. I keep the pulse on, as I mentioned, plant-based and vegetarian-based newsfeeds or

websites or news trends, etc, and it’s been amazing to, even myself being in the space, the names and the

numbers of players that are coming forward and entering the space. I think it’s definitely an opportunity for

growth.

[00:55:22]

NH: We will now end the Interview. Thank you, clients, for joining Third Bridge Forum’s Interview. If you

would like to speak with Ryan in a private meeting or call, please contact your relationship manager.

Transcription ends at 00:55:31 of the recorded material

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