US Pet Food Sector – Demand Outlook & Innovation

Opportunities – 19 March 2021

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Specialist:

Title:

Moderator: Nyree Hinton (NH), Third Bridge Sector Analyst

German Trivino (GT)

Former VP, Finance & Business Development at Blue Buffalo Co Ltd

Agenda:

1. Pet food industry dynamics and e-commerce disruption

2. Competitive positioning among leading brands and manufacturers

3. Key innovation trends including premiumisation, health and wellness focus and prescription diet

4. Mid-term outlook

Contents

Q: Could you give an overview of the US pet food industry? What are the main categories and who are the

top competitors?

Q: What were the main drivers of pet demand and adoption pre-coronavirus?

Q: How fragmented is this industry? Is the market structure different across wet, dry and treats?

Q: What are the challenges facing the industry?

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Q: How have the pre-coronavirus trends around pet adoption and health and wellness been impacted by the

pandemic?

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Q: How would you describe the industry's M&A landscape? Has coronavirus acted as a catalyst for

consolidation, or do you think the industry will only get more fragmented?

Q: Unlike other CPG categories, pet food isn’t really exposed to food service, insulating it from the steep

demand drop-off in that channel. Are there any channels within the pet food sector that you think

experienced unexpected weakness?

Q: What pressing supply chain risks is the pet food industry facing?

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Q: What are the market dynamics for dry vs wet food? Are sales correlated or do they typically work

inversely? Does one typically outperform the other?

Q: Could you elaborate on customers shifting away from processed categories and towards healthier,

unprocessed food? Where does the pet food industry stand on health and wellness?

Q: Could you elaborate on the rise of science-based and veterinarian diets?

Q: What impact has e-commerce had on this industry?

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Q: What is your outlook for the US pet food industry? What are the best- and worst-case scenarios over the

next six months?

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US Pet Food Sector – Demand Outlook & Innovation

Opportunities

Transcription begins at 00:00:00 of the recorded material

NH: Welcome to Third Bridge Forum’s Interview, entitled US Pet Food Sector – Demand Outlook and

Innovation Opportunities. I am Nyree Hinton and I will be facilitating today’s Interview with Mr German

Trivino, former VP of Finance and Business Development at Blue Buffalo.

German, before we get started with today’s Interview, please state I agree or I disagree to the following

statement: You understand the definition of material non-public information and agree not to disclose any

such information, or any other information which is confidential, during this Interview.

GT: Yes, no problem with that. We’re going to be abiding by that.

NH: Understood. Thank you, German. Could you start by giving our audience an overview of your background

and various roles you’ve held in the industry?

GT: I’m German Trivino, I’ve been perhaps 18 years of direct experience in the pet food industry, with Hill’s

Pet Nutrition, the pet food category for Colgate-Palmolive, within the US and overseas. Later, with Blue

Buffalo where I was a Vice President of Finance and Business Development in charge of an area called

strategic growth initiatives, which was mostly trying to get the company to other markets overseas, as well as

open prescription side of the business. Since then, I have been an active player in the pet space, in the pet

food, as adviser for multiple consulting and PE firms, trying to help them open businesses here and there. I am

part of a board of directors of another pet-related product company, being a firm in Brazil, trying to open

markets here in the US for other products in the pet space as well.

[00:02:02]

Q: Could you give an overview of the US pet food industry? What are the main categories and who are the top

competitors?

GT: A little bit of perspective on that. We’re talking about a market in the US where pet food as such might be

around, in 2019 different researchers called the market around USD 30bn. A USD 30bn market that is actually

growing still in single digits, similarly to what is happening in other places in and around the globe. The global

pet food market is around probably about USD 30bn as such and the pet industry overall might be around

USD 95bn estimated. That gives you a little bit of a perspective of how that works. North America plays about

one-third of the total pet food production globally. When you look at the market as such, typically when you

look at pets, we’re calling cats and dogs and other pets, the vast majority of the market is with the cat and dog,

I would say, probably in terms of volume and value nearly about 90% the total market that we refer. If you

look at the market in the US as such, roughly the dog vs cat market might be around 60% dog vs cat, and both

of them growing around that CAGR that is just about 5%, if you compare the last 10 years of the market. Feel

free to jump in at any moment in time because this discussion of the market is quite diverse, so if you guys

want to understand it a little bit better, or help me understand where you would like me to dig deeper.

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[00:04:38]

Q: What were the main drivers of pet demand and adoption pre-coronavirus?

GT: I think one of the major components of this evolution, at least in the US, this pet food market, is the

humanisation of pets, which is really the main driver for what we call premiumisation. There are also health

and wellness trends in different categories, which mirror, I think, a little bit of the broader packaged goods

industry. There is also a trend that is perhaps quite interesting also, more like a branded category element, it’s

kind of a market that is showing a bigger presence of brands and also strong emerging private label

penetration. At the same time, there are new trends in the market with let’s call it a market that is becoming

more open to e-commerce channels, where there is more presence of a consumer that wants to be delivered

more with convenience, because if you’re talking about pet food, then it’s a heavy item by definition. You’ll see

a faster CAGR of a composition of the total market more towards e-commerce because of that. Perhaps

another element to mention is a key component of what we call loyalty to certain brands. The loyalty

component of certain brands is becoming a little bit more challenging, particularly for the wellness side of the

market.

There is also the prescription side of the market that is having a complete different dynamic and we might

actually see, if itis of your interest, we can talk about that later. The brand loyalty there is completely different,

the economics are completely different. That’s actually what happens, I’d say, prior to what we call a pre-

COVID stance, so a market that is humanised, growing more in volume, not only in volume but also in value.

At the same time, once you hit COVID, as it happened for many other industries, the pet food industry also got

a really good impact. Pet adoption rates went up, so by definition, once you have a new pet, then the volume is

just starting going up. There are multiple statistics that we know have a hit where the consumer became more

aware of the pet by staying at home and, therefore, volumes on a per dog basis or a per pet basis started to go

up, premiumised spend. For the market, it’s been only good news.

[00:08:32]

Q: How fragmented is this industry? Is the market structure different across wet, dry and treats?

GT: In tradition, this market, if you look at treats, start talking about treats first, treats out of the three

categories that you mentioned is the one that is mostly fragmented. There are only one or two major players in

treats that do, in my opinion, proper category management and execution. Other than that, there is a vast

majority, it’s a huge amount of labels and manufacturers out there and that is a category that is really difficult

to read. At the same time, because it is so fragmented, there is a consumer that is rather frustrated with that,

and that, like I was speaking to some other consultants, only means huge opportunities. That’s why you see the

Milk-Bone of the world and other brands that actually start bringing the proper category management

execution and they are becoming quite successful. If you look at the treats market, you see plenty and it’s an

explosion of brands out there and it’s quite difficult to navigate. When you look at the cat and dog food, you

always have to also do a segmentation, whether it is the dry food or wet food. “Wet” is probably understood as

canned food and some people use it as toppings on top of the dry, which is not probably the best mechanism to

feed your dog, but both of those markets are rather traditional. Then you have the big names. If you look at

that market carefully, you need to be able to segment it, whether it is the value market, whether it is the

premium or super-premium market. In all of those segments, you always see that the vast majority of the

premium brands will have roughly about 5-8 major players, everybody knows their names.

The value players are more quite distinct as well, Pedigree, a little bit of the Purina brands also there, Iams.

With that, that market still has a lot of fragmentation. The reason for that fragmentation, both on what we call

the more not so super-premium brands but more value brands both in the dog and wet as well as in the treats,

is because this industry has very, very low barriers of entry. Virtually, I could just go into (audio distorts 12.05)

a month, I’ll be able to open a new label with co-manufacturers out there in Missouri or in Kansas or in the pet

food corridor, what they call, and in the market very quickly. It’s a different story when you talk about the

prescription side of the business, where the barriers of entry are very high and, therefore, the fragmentation of

brands in that market is very low. In my opinion, truthfully, if you want to become a true pet food company,

Private and confidential 4

you demonstrate your worth only once you get into the prescription side of the business. You require a lot of

research and development, a lot of investment, and really the major judge to that is the veterinarian

community. Considering that for you to sell that product, that’s not something that you buy off the shelf, you

have to have a prescription, so therefore it’s a prescribed product that comes basically through your

veterinarian. For you to be able to gain the veterinarian community and then the prescription on your behalf,

you really need to do a lot, a lot, a lot of work. Because of that, the fragmentation in that market is very, very

low because only a few really can make it. The benefits of being in that market are humongous because then

you have not only the highest margin across all pet food categories and portfolio, but also a significant halo

effect on the wellness side.

[00:14:09]

Q: What are the challenges facing the industry?

GT: There are a lot of issues. Industry where you see a fast-emerging private label that has noted that, with a

little investment, they may actually try to carve out some of the fundamentals of premium products. I’ve noted

that private labels, it takes very little for some of those guys just to name their bags as “natural” or “organic” or

that type of thing that is somewhat a key fundamental for premium pet food. There is always out there a

consumer that takes very little just for them to say, “This is organic, this is a little bit of premium,” and this

information leads that consumer to say, “I’ll take this private label product,” and is, in their opinion, very little

differentiation with the true fundamentals, so the value proposition of a premium brand. A lot of that is going

against really what the industry should stand for. Premium products require really good investment to create a

(audio cuts out 15.43) that stands for true health, long-term health of the pet. My personal concerns are that

some players out there might not be investing enough or just misusing some of the value propositions for the

true premium brands and then might actually hurt the entire category.

There is another concern, there are issues with the stability in the products that might actually create, at the

same time, opportunities. We see in the market that the good players, the smart players, are actually

transforming those challenges into avenues for growth. We see a new trend in the market, for example, in the

dry side, and you’ll probably see these more and more coming, the last time I was actually down there in

Florida with the biggest pet trade show in the US, called Global Pet, there is a new emerging trend for freeze-

dried products, which is a new way to manufacture kibbles. Those opportunities come from challenges. You’re

selling a product that might not be stable enough the moment that you’re bringing it across the ocean or

during seasons where temperatures can be challenging. Therefore, new manufacturing formulas might

actually give a benefit to the consumer of a more stable product and also better palatability. Those are

challenges that become opportunities in the market. I think the industry is poised for tremendous growth. We

see it coming now in what we see here after COVID. It’s only positive outcomes for the industry overall.

[00:18:04]

Q: How have the pre-coronavirus trends around pet adoption and health and wellness been impacted by the

pandemic?

GT: This industry, as we mentioned before, roughly was growing around 4-5% CAGR. Probably 2020 has

created a spike. The expectation for 2021, from 2020 already, was for 7.4% based on some publicly spoken

information. The challenge for 2021 is very likely that we will continue. Pet adoption rates have gone up

significantly. Not only that, because some folks actually look at just pet adoption as part of the market, but the

reality is that they should be looking at also the net impact of not only adoption but a lower incidence of

euthanasia in the market. We’ve seen that also, before and after, the context of euthanasia has actually

dropped as well. The compound effect of both has actually created here, let’s call it population to feed. At the

same time, we have noticed that the average price per pound of pet food over the years has actually gone up. If

you compare to the prices that you had, probably averages back there 10 years ago, it’s easy to see about 50%

increase on a rate-per-pound basis.

Private and confidential 5

With that said, part of that is a component of premiumisation. We’ve seen that, during this COVID era, one of

the hypotheses in the market was that most likely people would be more conscious of the type of spend on

products. Some people say, “My income will be limited, therefore I have to prioritise,” whether the dog used to

eat premium food, they might actually be more open to more value foods. That, without a doubt, is something

that was noticed. At the same time, the interesting part is that there is a counterbalance effect of consumers

that were more curious about premiumisation. That is really good news for the industry per se, because then

the whole element of premiumisation has actually lifted up even further, which is something that in my

personal opinion I was not expecting something like that. More prices, better quality of food out there.

[00:22:07]

Q: How would you describe the industry's M&A landscape? Has coronavirus acted as a catalyst for

consolidation, or do you think the industry will only get more fragmented?

GT: I have to stay away from details because of being very close to this. I want to be brief on this topic. There

is a lot of value out there. A lot. Great, great value. In a market where there’s such proliferation of brands, what

really matters is to have an attentive eye on what brand is really making a difference and try to buy them when

they haven’t actually got to a valuation point that is attractive. I think there is plenty of room for consolidation,

there is plenty of room, let’s say, track the value that comes from a consumer that recognises a good execution

on-shelf, a good brand. I think consolidation of this, this is a perfect market for leveraging supply chain

synergies. Without a doubt, the answer to your question is yes, it is a perfect time. COVID has brought some of

these guys, they brought good news in the market, that’s actually a little bit of the issue. It has also brought,

post-COVID, some challenges also when it comes to margins and raw material availability and so on. It’s

perfect situation for trying to buy a good deal out there.

[00:24:42]

Q: Unlike other CPG categories, pet food isn’t really exposed to food service, insulating it from the steep

demand drop-off in that channel. Are there any channels within the pet food sector that you think experienced

unexpected weakness?

GT: The food service comparison you made, it’s very peculiar because we know that restaurants and all that,

the industry has been limping there. Pet food actually is quite insulated from that perspective. It’s like many

other CPG businesses, they have been quite bullish. Retail is having a tremendous year as well as e-commerce.

When you look at any potential risk or downside, it’s very uncommon. What I’ve seen with the data that I’ve

been able to analyse and the conversations that I’ve had with players in the market, it’s only positive, it’s not

something that is going the other way.

[00:26:13]

Q: What pressing supply chain risks is the pet food industry facing?

GT: It’s not so specific. Obviously, the pet food industry, coming from a year where consumption was so high,

it creates impacts on shelf and consequently all the way down into the supply chain. Some of the same pain

points that we have seen in other CPG industries, where freight across the ocean has been the same, container

availability is equally impacted for those brands that are sold in the US, imported from overseas. Then you see

inflationary pressures. Commodities, you guys know, it’s a CBOT type of behaviour, commodity world. There

is the supply and demand, crops and all that whole story, but the pressure on supply and demand usually

tends to permeate into different components of inflationary impacts on the cost of goods sold. I would say, at

the same time, pricing has been selective, it’s not so much that I’ve seen price increases that are off the charts

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to compensate that pressure. I think if there is this value gain, it’s more to do with portfolio realignment on

premiumised brands. I believe that for the most part is key.

The other component there is the B2B and B2C realignment. It’s opening a market, highly more competitive.

To some extent, while the manufacturer will be tempted to try to gain compensation on some of those

pressures that are coming after COVID, a competitive environment is more active on the B2C side where it’s a

little bit more limited. This is actually affecting the majority of the retailers and manufacturers. All

manufacturers, without a doubt, the CAGR on the e-commerce is faster, so that this becomes a more

competitive, more direct consumer messaging. It’s actually helpful and beneficial to premium brands because

the shopper in those retail environments is more conscious of understanding what’s in the bag, what were the

ingredients, understanding really what the brand stands for and helps that dynamic, where private labels

become more (inaudible 29.47), it’s less tempting for those shoppers, compulsive buyers. The guy who really

wants to understand the brand is more on the B2C world. I think a little bit of insulation through the fact that

they have a consumer base that is more prone to understand the true value of the brand, that helps them to

justify an eventual pressure on pricing.

[00:30:28]

Q: What are the market dynamics for dry vs wet food? Are sales correlated or do they typically work inversely?

Does one typically outperform the other?

GT: There is nothing I can comment on, as I say, that points at the fact that the CAGR for the two markets is

diverse. I think they are somehow correlated. It’s normal to see, if you look at the shopper in this instance, if

we have a quick sum of how folks in the US are buying pet food, first and foremost, the first thing to note is

that in a normal household in the US you may actually see that whoever is buying is buying for the most part

for a household that is heavily indexed to single-dog homes. At the same time, there is a market that is quite

important when you see that there are two dogs in the house, where there are two dogs. Also, on the cat side of

the market, there is perhaps more a multi-cat market. When you think about that composition, then probably

see that the cat market is totally more over-indexed to wet food than the dog food and that’s important to see.

For a typical manufacturer, a higher mix of wet food is way more convenient than dry. You make more money

on a per pound basis.

As far as CAGR goes for the statistics that I’ve seen, there is nothing that you could say it demonstrates that

there are different COVID growth behaviours. Perhaps on the defence for wet food, we will see a little bit of

innovation when it comes to forms. In my opinion, a strange new behaviour is the consumer that would like to

see that the wet food that they serve looks more natural, which is really from the perspective of their

researches has nothing to do. Some folks prefer to see a gooey type of wet food that looks natural because it’s

got some natural grains or chunks of meat on it. On the dry side, the trend perhaps is being disrupted by these

new shapes that I mentioned before, like the freeze-dried. Those are perhaps a couple of key elements on the

market dynamics that are worth highlighting.

[00:33:56]

Q: Could you elaborate on customers shifting away from processed categories and towards healthier,

unprocessed food? Where does the pet food industry stand on health and wellness?

GT: I think in terms of the buying power, if that’s what you’re looking for, we know that people who own a dog

in the US, whether like we said before about 60% of the households in the US are one-dog households, two

dogs are probably another, it’s a significant amount still, 27%, those markets tend to create opportunities on

both the dry and the wet. One component of that, and a little bit of a challenge, is that the wellness side has

these growing concerns on the industry for folks who just want to try new brands and the switchability of diets

is something that affects also the health of the dog. It’s something that sometimes is highlighted against the

manufacturer themselves. It’s key to see that if an owner, like in this case you decide to go to the store and buy

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a bag of food and one day you just put it out there for your dog to try, the challenge at that moment is whether

your dog likes it, the dog sniffs it, and then if the dog doesn’t like it, it just walks away. It’s a huge component

not only about the quality of the research and development that you put into manufacturing that pet food, but

also the compliance, which is understood in the market, basically saying, “Is the dog really going to go and

actually take it?” Once you get into that element, then it’s the component of switchability, is the dog going to

love it? If the dog is going to stay with that brand for a while or it’s going to switch.

Switching is something that typically affects the health of the dog and that’s something that, moment that you

switch to the new brand, the new brand, moment you put the new kibbles on the plate for the dog and the dog

actually tries it, sniffs it, she likes it, but you’ll see that the dog is going to have a period of adaptation, so to

speak, where the dog may actually go through an unstable tummy and then the shopper might actually judge

that it’s a problem with the new diet. The reality is that a dog needs to adapt. A little bit of this industry is

misinformed. The problem with wellness of the switchability is creating this halo effect of misinformation in

some instances. Part of that is a challenge for the industry to begin. Thus, the benefits of, too, some loyalty

programmes. Before that, basically own dogs in the US, they might actually have a differentiation depending

on whether you have big dogs or small dogs, and at the same time the shopper behaviours. One thing that we

know is that, while for younger generations, I’d say a big percentage of small dogs are quite evenly distributed,

for older generations there is a higher indexation to smaller dogs. Thus it’s also the shopper behaviour varies

tremendously between how they select the food, at least for the wellness side. The older generations are less

prone to switchability. They tend to be more loyal to a particular brand and stick to it. The younger

generations, but primarily those folks, shoppers that are younger than, let’s say, 25 years old, they are

probably one of the worst when it comes to switchability. They switch brands constantly.

[00:39:37]

Q: Could you elaborate on the rise of science-based and veterinarian diets?

GT: Prescription and diet, which is what we call, I would say, or where vast majority of the diets spent, it’s

through research and development in that market. It really obeys two particular needs, so it’s a need-based

market. For example, if you think about the life stage of a dog, the first thing you do, you get a puppy and then

food, the type of food you give your dog at that stage has to be tailored. There is still also research and

development depending on the evolution of the dog at different life stages, even for the wellness channels, for

the wellness segment. When it goes through different life stages, then yes, the dog will go from puppy to more

adult and then later it becomes senior, and thus the diet also changes. The science adapts equally, because

your dog might actually have bigger propensity to obesity or to develop issues with bone or dental issues, so

the needs are everywhere. The art for a good manufacturer is to really create a proper CRM around it.

Therefore, now there is a trend in the market where manufacturers should know that German has a dog and

his name is Fido and then they should know that it’s a breed such-and-such and present already, with proper

communication, which would be the needs for that particular dog, going forward, keeping the consumer aware

of what’s next as opposed to have the consumer navigate the category themselves. That’s where the true

manufacturers on the wellness side connect their research and development to buy the proposition that is

easily understandable by the consumer.

Otherwise, what happens typically is that the challenge for the consumer ultimately is that a dog that used to

be healthy, if it is fed the wrong food, then you will end up seeing that dog ultimately in the veterinarian and

then eating or being fed a prescription diet to course correct an issue that could have been prevented early in

the game. A lot of issues of the research and development really become a sellable point if it’s properly

connected through CRM, alternatives to the consumer to create prevention, to create an attention to proper

food, build up, that’s the value of the super-premium brands, where you can actually see what’s behind the

kibble, how is the kibble made. Great executions, of course, and I could only speak highly of what we at Blue

Buffalo were, Blue Buffalo’s value proposition was really standing for what’s behind the formulation, having

meat first as one of the components of the formula, as opposed to meat derivatives.

The industry, it’s actually having that higher-level scrutiny which is beneficial, like we said before, for these

types of brands. The whole element of investment on science will actually create those opportunities,

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particularly for those products that you have to just show why a premium brand is more effective about

reducing obesity in the cat. It’s going to show why, as opposed to the person just choosing to go and buy a

private label that just simply labels themselves as “premium” or “organic” or “natural”, which is basically the

major issue there I was referring to, of one of the major challenges in the industry. There are multiple things

that might become illnesses later on in the life of the dog that if you properly do the messaging with the

consumer, then you help the consumer to understand if you truly care about your dog, as we know is

happening in the industry, that is in some cases one who is beyond being a pet but is more like a family

member, then folks are willing to really research what they are giving to their dog. They’re willing to spend a

little extra money to give the benefit of that research. That’s how we see that trend in the last 10 years. That’s

what is behind the premiumisation element.

NH: How does affordability play into the strategy of marketing these products to consumers? At what point

are they priced out of the market?

GT: I think it all varies depending on the consumer. Some consumers are actually more price-sensitive than

others. Some others are more willing to compromise the border between what they conceive as the good brand

or good enough. Because of that, there is actually an emerging section of new players, like Rachael Rays of the

world, that in my opinion were very smart on their marketing positioning. They put a rather good enough

product on the R&D side, they advertised themselves very carefully, but at the same time as a premium brand

company, but the differentiation is the price points. Those are price points that notably are lower than the

super-premium brand. What we’ve seen is that the messaging to the consumer has been such that it eroded

some of the share of market of the highest premium brands. That’s more currently to your point that there is

still a need or a niche out there that can test the fundamentals that if you’re a super-premium that you have to

be quite expensive. There is super-premium messaging that actually took a little bit of share from those

brands. There is consciousness of that. There is definitely a trend of some consumers that are attentive. In my

personal opinion, what happens with those manufacturers that are sitting between the super-premium and the

value segments, perhaps it would be negative for some players in the industry on the super-premium brand,

but at the same time it’s positive for the overall industry at the same time, because then you’ll see also the type

of consumer that’s coming from value brands trading up into super-premiums, kind of an entry level into the

super-premium brands.

I think my perspective of this in the overall is still positive because we see an industry, we look back what

happened 20, 15 years ago or beyond, where if you look at the amount of pounds consumed in the industry

and you look at how much of that was true premium pet food, it was really a vast majority of market folks that

used to just feed their dog the scraps of the table. That, over time, you see that the consumer is more aware of

the fact that, by doing so, you end up having that dog faster than not into a veterinarian office, as opposed to

just feeding them properly. With that said, that whole trend of recomposition from scraps to value brands,

from value brands to premium and from premium to super-premium has created value for the brands. This

value in the industry, the premiumisation in the industry, is stronger than the issue on value-seekers that

might actually say, “I prefer to stay at a low level of investment.” We’ve seen that. That’s why you notice that

the indexes on rate per pound for the last 10 years have been significant. It’s about 50%, like I mentioned to

you before. That’s way more than anything that you see on inflation for any CPG other segment.

[00:50:01]

Q: What impact has e-commerce had on this industry?

GT: Huge. Obviously, I have huge direct impact into that. Like for many other CPG industries, e-commerce is

disruptive on what brick-and-mortar used to, and particularly in the area of pet food. Looking back, 10-15

years ago, where pet food used to be, for value brands, you find it in the supermarkets, for premium brands

you will find them in the specialised businesses, brick-and-mortar. There is obviously a consumer that says,

“Why I need to go to the pet store and carry a heavy item and I have to…” first of all is the issue of being a

heavy item if you really buy smart. You want to buy smart, then you buy big bags not small bags. On a rate-

per-pound basis, it’s a better deal, but then it’s the inconvenience of carrying them. Second of all is that then

your dog consumes that bag always, therefore it’s a repeat purchase. The combination of those two is a perfect

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success story for e-commerce. You get delivered at home, the convenience of not carrying that bag, and

actually better pricing.

Because of that, the CAGR on the e-commerce side is way higher than what we’ve seen in the industry. We

talked about an industry that is growing around 5%. E-commerce is easily close to 7% in the last five years.

Another topic to that element is that many of the specialised businesses are seeing huge pressure on traffic in-

store, PetSmarts of the world, and themselves had to reinvent themselves so that they also became, they had to

just create their own arm, and everybody knows that, of e-commerce themselves. Therefore, nowadays you’ll

see that everywhere.

[00:52:36]

Q: What is your outlook for the US pet food industry? What are the best- and worst-case scenarios over the

next six months?

GT: I think it’s positive, like I said before. I’m quite bullish on that industry. I think the bigger challenges that

we have are related to an industry that was benefited of a new set of consumers who want to try premium

brands. The challenge for them is how can they really retain those consumers, those shoppers. I think overall

adoption rates and all these are creating something that might stay. My outlook for the future is also positive

with new shapes and forms and new research and development. I think the component of compliance that I

mentioned before probably (audio distorts 53.47) where new ways to manufacture, freeze-dried kibbles might

actually elevate the palatability aspect of the food, might actually be something very positive. It creates

massive challenges at the same time, because of manufacturing, the number of co-manufacturers that are out

there who can actually do that type of food is quite limited. At the same time, it’s something that I see already

in the last year as a very positive trend in the market. These whole new shapes and forms of freeze-dried and

dehydrated food might be something to look at. I keep looking at that segment quite attentively, since it’s an

area of growth, where is a new and up-and-coming consumer who is avid for probably another avenue for

premiumisation. It is actually basically responding to a need that is in the market related to palatability.

[00:55:18]

NH: Let me close by saying thank you, German, for your input. Clients, if you would like to speak to German

in a private call or meeting, please let your relationship manager know. Thank you again for joining Third

Bridge Forum's Interview today, this now concludes our meeting. Goodbye.

Transcription ends at 00:55:32 of the recorded material

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